UL Standards for Battery Explosion Prevention
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Explosion-proof | Explosion-proof grade portable product application standard: explosion-proof battery requirements and identification
Understand the application standards of explosion-proof portable products, as well as the structural design and use requirements of explosion-proof batteries in different levels of hazardous places, as well as the corresponding explosion-proof battery identification, and jointly maintain explosion-proof safety.
Battery requirements for Division 2 hazardous environments
Below we use UL 121201 standard (evaluation of Nonincendive Electrical equipment for Class I and II, Division 2 and Class III, Divisions 1 and 2 hazardous environments) Equipment for Use in Class I and II, Division 2 and Class III, Divisions 1 and 2 Hazardous (Classified) Locations)), Give a key overview.
Structure and use requirements
Lithium is easy to become an ignition source because of its high activity, so when it is used as an electrode material for rechargeable batteries, it needs to meet the minimum shell protection level requirements:
IP 54 (ANSI/IEC 60529 Product Housing Mechanism Protection Class Specification) or
Type 3 (United States UL 50/50E and Canada CAN/CSA-C22.2 No. 94.2 & 94.1 Electrical equipment housing standard series);
If the battery is installed in a place where the user can remove the battery or battery cover without tools and come into contact with the battery, there must be additional warning labeling requirements;
All portable products must be considered for drop testing, and the product shell must be aging tested before testing;
It is generally not allowed to charge batteries in hazardous locations; However, if the product allows charging in dangerous places, additional assessment of the charging source and protection of the charged device is required;
Where charging connectors or docking pins are of male pin-half construction, additional assessment of low energy circuit requirements (non-incendive circuit) is required.
Identification requirement
If the battery is installed in a place where the user can remove the battery or the battery cover without tools and come into contact with the battery, the label must indicate the battery manufacturer and model information, or the nominal voltage (such as voltage 7.6V), type (such as lithium iron battery) and capacity (such as 4770mAh).
Battery requirements for Zone 2 hazardous environments
The following is according to the IEC/EN 60079-0 Explosive atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General requirements (Explosive Atmospheres - Part 0: Equipment - General Requirements) commonly known in the HazLoc explosion protection industry. Equipment - General requirements) standards are highlighted.
Structure and use requirements
If there is no specific protection type standard specification, the cell connection type is only allowed in series;
cell types can be divided into two categories: primary cell and secondary cell. The biggest difference between them is that the primary battery is non-rechargeable, and the secondary battery is rechargeable. The chemical composition of electrodes of each cell, corresponding nominal voltage and maximum open circuit voltage shall conform to this standard;
All cells in the cell must have the same electrochemical system, cell design, rated capacity and the same manufacturer;
If the primary battery and secondary battery are used in the device housing, ensure that there is no possibility of misplacement.
The primary battery used in the equipment must ensure that there is no possibility of being charged;
The battery conditions and recommendations set by the product shall not violate the requirements of the battery manufacturer, such as specifications, connection usage, environment and installation method. Etc.;
Battery replacement needs to be in general place. If it is possible to replace the battery in a dangerous place, the battery connection separation mechanism needs to be assessed for compliance with other IEC/EN 60079 series standards for protection.
When the battery can only be replaced in a general place, the identification should be provided on the battery housing or around the battery and should contain the following information:
Name of the battery manufacturer;
Battery model;
Warning "Use only Model XXX manufactured by XXX".
The following is according to IEC/EN 60079-11 Explosive atmospheres - Part 11: Equipment protection by intrinsic safety "i" (Explosive Atmospheres - Part 11: Intrinsically safe "i" protective equipment requirements) standard, with emphasis on description.
Structure and use requirements
The connection mode of the cell allows series and parallel types, but the connection structure can not affect the intrinsic safety protection;
Cell/battery shall not have electrolyte leakage, or other means of leakage isolation, to avoid leakage affecting the essential safety protection;
The internal resistance of the battery can be used for spark test evaluation;
If the battery needs to be replaced in a dangerous place, the battery body must be equipped with a current limiting element and the component must meet the requirements of the intrinsic safety protection component;
Individual cell/cell spark ignition capability and surface temperature need to be tested or circuit analysis to assess suitability;
When the battery pack is designed with external charging contacts, a device must be provided to prevent short circuits from occurring or to evaluate the spark condition between the contacts.
Identification requirement
When users are allowed to replace the BATTERIES themselves, the following WARNING must be marked: "Warning - USE ONLY YYYYY BATTERIES" (YYYYY is the name of the battery manufacturer and battery model).
WHEN the BATTERY can only be replaced in a general place, the following WARNING must be marked: "Warning - DO NOT REPLACE BATTERY WHEN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE IS PRESENT".
When an external charging contact is designed on THE BATTERY pack, the following WARNING must be marked: "Warning - DO NOT CHARGE THE BATTERY IN HAZARDOUS LOCATION".
The battery is the core of the portable product operation, and its requirements will vary due to different explosion-proof protection methods, so we suggest that manufacturers should first consider whether the actual application of the product function and the battery structure can match each other in the product design stage, in order to reduce the subsequent cost loss and probability that may be caused by design changes.
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